Aquaculture and Fish Farming Products

What fish to use?   The choice of species for culture is of special importance. The most common fish for extensive or semi-intensive aquaculture in

The first question related to the construction of a pond refers to the size and number of ponds needed: If fish production will mainly only

Key requirements for growing fish in a pond Digging a hole in the ground, filling it with water and throwing some fish into it will

Challenges to aquaculture in Africa Aquaculture or fish farming, in particular in Africa, is still facing several challenges, some of which include: Limited knowledge on

Financial planning Starting an aquaculture business can be an expensive exercise. It is important that you first acknowledge that starting an aquaculture business is a

Important aspects in planning an aquaculture business   Skills: Aquaculture, like agriculture, requires knowledge of the biology of the species cultured. A project started by

Basics of business planning: key questions Aquaculture is no different from agriculture when considering whether or not a proposed venture is worth doing. Just as

Business planning You may have read many magazine or newspaper articles that promise a bright future for aquaculture. The technology, growth processes, challenges and potential

Irrigation of farmlands and fish farming If the ponds are built so that the water level is higher than the crop fields, it is possible

Polyculture Polyculture is culturing two different species at the same time. The two species use the same space but because they have different habits and

Monoculture The most commonly farmed fish in Africa is tilapia. The most frequently used species is Oreochromis niloticus stocked at 1-2 fingerlings per m2, with

Q: Can ornamental fish be reared in cages? A: Yes, very successfully. Simple netting ‘hapas’ are widely used in the Far East to separate numerous

Q: What species of fish are suitable for cage culture? A: Species that grow well on artificial manmade diets are some of the best candidates

Types of cages Small cages Most people assume that fish cages are all very large and expensive. This is not true. In the Far East,

The advantages of fish cages Cages are less expensive than building ponds, dams and other Cages can make use of existing water bodies (such as

Cage culture of fish Cages are widely used around the world to culture fish in natural or artificial water bodies. The use of cages in

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Female adult carp are kept separately during winter, after which time their eggs will ripen. Once water temperatures rise above 20oC in

Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) One of the inherent disadvantages of tilapia as an aquaculture species is its tendency to breed at an early age and small

Barbel Fish (Clarias gariepinus) Barbel are spawned artificially in aquaculture as natural spawning is haphazard and uncontrollable. Ripe fish of 2-4 kg are used and

Maintenance of fish broodstock One of the essentials of good animal husbandry is the high-quality care taken of broodstock year round. Emaciated or diseased stock

Q: What do I do when the fish stay on the bottom with clamped fins, are skittish, and refuse feed? A:    This is usually a

Q: What do I do when all the fish are seen gasping at the surface? A: This is usually a sign of low oxygen content,

Q: What do I do when the fish seem to be sick? A: The golden rule is to cease feeding as most diseases are a

Q: What medicines should be kept on a fish farm? A: In reality very few. Disinfectants such as acriflavine, permanganante of potash or formalin are

Q: How long does harvesting take? A: Always longer than you think! Even the draining of a small 0.25-ha pond can take several hours. It

Q: What equipment is required for harvesting? A:   Harvesting is impossible with equipment that is in poor condition, such as nets with holes    in them,

Q: Does one harvest the entire crop of fish? A: You can decide to harvest all the fish at one time only if you are

Q: What does harvesting involve? A: In a nutshell, harvesting involves the entire or partial collection of the fish from the water- body, be it

Q: What size should fish be harvested at? A: This aspect depends on the market that you have targeted in your operational plan. If the

Q: What aspect is most important to prepare before the actual harvesting of fish? A: It is important to be mindful of the harvested fish

Managing fish health and diseases Under culture conditions fish are more likely to encounter disease as many fish are kept close together, sometimes under stressful

Smoking fish Smoked fish do not last as long as salted fish. This is because they need to be refrigerated, frozen, or canned if they

Preserving methods Salting fish Salting is one of the oldest methods of preserving fish. Salting allows a farmer to keep fish for long periods so

Q: When do fish first need feeding? A: In artificial containments such as tanks, raceways or cages there is no or very little natural food,

Q: Do I still have to artificially feed the fish if the pond is fertilized with compost or manure? A: To obtain maximum production, yes.

Q: Do the fish eat the manure or other fertilizer added to a pond, and will this affect their taste when harvested? A: No, the

Tanks are generally smaller than ponds and are constructed above the ground. They are not in contact with the soil and tend to have a

Size grading should be performed often to remove stunted individuals. Sex-sorting should be done when the fish start maturing in order to prevent uncontrolled spawnings

Juveniles will feed on an artificial diet (33-35% protein) or homemade diets using fishmeal, beef heart, and liver. The fish will also feed on the

The males and females are placed in a fish tank where they mate. As their name suggests, livebearers give birth to live young, which means

Trout eggs are relatively large compared to most other fish eggs. After the fry have hatched and used up their egg sac, they can be

In the wild, trout feed on aquatic and terrestrial insects, molluscs, crustaceans, fish eggs and other small fishes. The natural diet is rich in pigment

Rainbow trout is easy to spawn and the large fry can be easily weaned onto an artificial diet (they usually feed on zooplankton). However, the

Tilapia are often referred to as the ‘aquatic chicken’. This is because tilapia are cultured so widely and successfully around the world that they now

The most suitable ponds for growing out juvenile carp should be shallow, weed-free and drainable (about 0.5 to 1.0 ha in size). The nursery ponds

Carp mature after three years and in the wild, and spawn every year in the spring, releasing up to 100 000 eggs per kg of

Sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) The sharptooth catfish or barbel is a freshwater species and is distributed throughout southern Africa. This is a warmwater species that

Q: Can fish be artificially induced to breed? A: To some extent, yes, with hormone injections, but they must still be in a near-ready state

Q:   How many eggs do fish produce, and how often do they breed? A: This varies greatly between species. Carp and catfish may breed once

Q: How do fish feel their environment? A: Fish have a sensory organ called the lateral line which lies along the mid flanks of the

Q: Can fish see colour, and do they have good eyesight? A: Yes, many fish have excellent eyesight and can see a wide variety of

Q: How does a fish swim? A: A fish swims by contracting its lateral (side) muscles and then flexing the body muscles along its length,

Q: Since a fish is surrounded by water, how does it protect itself from water-borne diseases and parasites? A: A fish has an immune system,

Q: Why are fish more efficient at converting feed into mass than land animals? A: Fish need food only for movement, not for staying warm

Most fish are essentially ‘weightless’ in their medium, water, and don’t need energy to stand up like land animals. Fish need to be able to

The digestive system of a fish species depends on what it eats. Fish that eat other fish tend to have a short digestive tract (gut

Fish have evolved into various shapes and forms depending on how and where they live in water. Fast-swimming species (such as tigerfish or trout) are

A spirit of hard work coupled with preparedness to undertake more than just fish farming itself.  If you are going to call a mechanic every

The choice of what species should be cultured  in a particular region depends on a number of factors, as discussed below. Location Several introduced (exotic)

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

It is important to know Aquaculture Farming Nutrition At Southern Africa Youth Academy we provide training Aquaculture and Fish Farming Nutrition. We know and understand

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

To partner with Southern Africa Youth Project Please send an email to info@southernafricayouth.org or call us at + 27 11 071 1903 Distance or online

Here we shall the list of all the Aquaculture and fish Farming Products you need. At Southern Africa Youth Business we list all the Fish

Q:    Is a filtration system necessary? A:    Extensive or semi-intensive earth ponds are generally unfiltered. Many raceway systems are flow-through with no filter. Where water

The design and construction of ponds is very important if a fish farm is to operate properly. Ponds are earthen impoundments for holding aquatic species

Temperature is the hotness or coldness of something and is probably the most important water-quality variable. Unlike mammals, fish are not able to regulate their

Harvesting from ponds If the pond can be drained, harvest the fish by draining the pond into the catch basin and collecting the fish with

The care of the cultured fish (fish husbandry) is one of the most basic aspects of fish farming, yet one which is often almost ignored

Packing un-purged fish taken from a dam or pond It is unwise to pack fish that have been caught from ponds or tanks where they

Monitoring fish health   Along with the frequent sampling of some fish to determine their size, the fish can be checked for their health status.

Q:    Is it possible to over-fertilize a pond? A:    Yes, if too much is added the pond water becomes anoxic (lacking in oxygen) and the

Appropriate stocking of the pond   Depending on the available feeding resources, 2 to 4 fish per m² of pond area are appropriate with a

Let’s Start by building the Pond for your fish farming At Southern Africa Youth Business we travel around the world building fish ponds for commercial

Fish breed in a number of different ways. Most lay eggs but some give birth to live young. In freshwater fish, the fertilized eggs usually

Q: What is the potential for other species? A: Any fish species not indigenous or present in this country has to pass a ‘conservation risk

Predators such as birds, frogs, otters, snakes and lizards may eat many small fish, thereby reducing the number of fish available at harvest. If predators

The type of soil available to construct the pond is of the utmost importance if the pond is to hold water, maintain water quality and

Water availability and quality There must be sufficient water available to ensure the ponds are always full when holding fish. If water is only available for

Q: How can I get into ornamental fish culture? A: It is the marketing that has to be well-organised and the cooperative approach works best.

Q: Are barbel Clarias gariepinus really an attractive aquaculture species? A: Yes, and no. They have good culture potential in that the techniques have been

Q: Where can I grow trout in South Africa? A: Trout need abundant cool running water to thrive, thus the higher, well-water regions of the

Q: Can I grow tilapia on the Highveld? A: In summer all parts of South Africa are suitable for growing tilapia if the water is

Q: Is ornamental fish culture highly specialized and complicated? A: No, if this was the case how is it that in the far East thousands

Trout is the most well-established aquaculture species in South Africa. It is very popular as a fishing species as well as a high-value food fish. Trout is

Advantages and disadvantages of tilapia (O. mossambicus) as a candidate species:  Advantages                           

Other carp species Other kinds of carp, besides the common carp, are grown in ponds. Most commonly used are the Chinese carps. Some of these

Q: Is aquaculture a fulltime occupation or an alternative to other farming practices? A: It can be either, depending on its scale. Some fish farmers

Q: Can a farmer use his dam or water-storage tanks for aquaculture? A: Generally, no, in that these tend to be either unmanageable because they

Good water quality is essential to the health of fish at all stages of development. Water- quality requirements differ between species and between the different

Q:    Is predator protection vital or a luxury? A:    It is essential to have protection against animal predators as they can reduce stocks to almost

Q: Does one need lots of water for fish farming? A: No, the Israelis (for example) farm fish in one of the driest parts of

Q:    Can I do aquaculture in a farm dam? A:    Not unless the dam can be drained and managed like a farm pond. However, you

Q: Do you need a university degree in zoology or ichthyology to become a successful fish farmer? A: No, a good practical ability is more

Q: Do fish get sick like land animals? A: Yes, all animals get sick, but fish usually only get sick in large numbers when their

Q: Is fish farming profitable? A: Fish farming is a business just like any other,  and the growing of the fish is only one aspect, 

The practice of aquaculture varies widely and differs in the intensity of culture, level of water exchange and structures used, with each method having its

Why not attend our practical Tilapia Fish Farming Course in Centurion Do you want to learn in action with real fishes how to manage them,

During the late 1960s and 1970s various government agencies promoted freshwater aquaculture. Well-equipped hatcheries were constructed in many parts of the country to supply fingerlings

Q:    Can I grow fish in a concrete or plastic water-storage tank? A:    Not economically; fish tanks are best purpose-built, as they must be shallow,

Harvesting and preserving fish Harvesting is the collection of fish from a pond, for selling at market or for cooking and preservation for family use.

Q: How do I know that the fish are profiting from eating an artificial pelleted ration? A: As the fish grow you will need to

Q: Do I need to feed my fish fry with expensive, carefully formulated fry diets? A: No, in general most fry and fingerlings can be

Q: Are all dry fish pellets equal in terms of quality and palatability to the fish? A: No, definitely not; there are some very poor-quality

Q: How do I know that the fish are eating the expensive feed I am throwing in? A: Always feed the fish at the same

Q: Can I feed the fish with kitchen waste? A: Yes, most tilapia, carp and catfish will readily consume kitchen waste, especially vegetable, meat and

Q: How much should fish be fed? A: Artificial feeds deteriorate very quickly in water, so any feeds not eaten immediately will quickly spoil and

Q: How often do fish need feeding? A: Juvenile fish should ideally be fed three or more times per day, but in reality this is

As each species eats a different diet, each species of fish has its own nutritional requirements. Carnivorous fish (such as catfish and trout) require a

Feeding habits It is important to know the feeding preferences of the species being cultured so the correct food can be provided at all times

Q: How long will fish survive in a bucket? A: Fingerling-sized fish of 4-6 cm will survive at a stocking density of 20-30 fish in

Q: How many adult-sized fish can I pack in a drum? A: You can pack about 20 purged adult tilapia of 500-550 g (or 20

Q: How many fingerlings can I pack in a plastic bag? A: You should be able to pack 100 x 4 cm purged tilapia fingerlings

Q:    Do I have to be at the fish farm every day? A: Someone who is totally competent at running the day-to-day activities outlined in

Fish (and other animals) require food to supply energy for movement and other activities as well as for growth. As fish are ‘cold-blooded’, their body

Why feed the cultured fish? A fish farmer may wonder why he needs to add extra feed to his pond when he already adds fertilizer

Size-sorting the fish After the fish have been collected in buckets, they should be sorted by sizes or species. If sorting is done quickly, small

Packing small fish or fingerlings Small fish the size of fingerlings (3-8 cm) can be packed in double plastic bags which are then placed in

Long distances A particular procedure is required when moving fish over longer distances, such as when stocking ponds with fingerlings or obtaining broodstock. These fish

Short distances When moving fish short distances within the hatchery itself, they can be transported in buckets. Remember that certain fish almost invariably try to

Like fertilizers with nitrates, chemicals used by farmers to treat plants against pests may find their way into the water. Care must be taken to

Packing large fish For large fish over 10-12 cm, plastic bags puncture too easily and other containers are used. The best are the blue or

Phosphorus is necessary for the pond organisms to survive and is often important in the regulation of algal growth and subsequent food webs in the

Tank and cage management Tanks, raceways and cages are all artificial enclosures that need daily management to work efficiently. The life of the fish contained

Transporting live fish One of the most frequent activities on any fish farm is the moving of fish around from one tank to another, or

Fertilizers To ensure pond phytoplankton productivity, various nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon and calcium need to be added regularly. Fertilizers can be inorganic

Ammonia is probably the next most important water-quality factor after dissolved oxygen. Ammonia comes from decomposing material, such as plants and dead fish. It also

Like humans, fish also use oxygen; however, the oxygen available to them is that which is dissolved in the water and is measured in mg/l.

Minimizing feeding costs   The feed is one of the most important factors influencing the growth and health of the fish. Minimizing feeding costs is

Feeding the fish through the integration of plant production Alternatively, to or in addition to adding manure to the pond, materials of plant origin can

Floating and sinking feeds

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No:  2078 Date:  Friday, September 4, 2020 Authority:  Ms BD Creecy Place:  NA Documents:  pq2078of2020_boardfishingvesselobservers .pdf

The Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF) has approved a proposal by United Kingdom-based film and production company, Plimsoll Productions, to film a wildlife

No:  1950 Date:  Friday, August 28, 2020 Authority:  Ms BD Creecy Place:  NA Documents:  pq1950of2020_smallscale_fishermanquota.pdf

26 August 2020   Environmental Assessment Practitioners (EAPs) have until 7 February 2022 to register  with a  registration authority appointed by the CEO Neftaly Malatjie.

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